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Senior dogs often look and behave differently than they did in their younger years. They might become gray around the muzzle, be slower to get up and lie down, or sleep more than they used to.
Some of these changes are due to symptoms of physical conditions, but there may be cognitive issues, as well. For example, if your dog no longer comes when you call them, it could be a sign of hearing loss. It could also be that they no longer understand what you’re asking of them. Dr. Jerry Klein, Chief Veterinarian for the American Kennel Club, explains, “Just like with people, older dogs can show signs of age-related cognitive decline.”
Age-Related Cognitive Decline
There are many ways that age-related cognitive decline could affect a dog’s behavior. For example, your dog might take longer to learn new things, or their short-term memory might suffer. According to Dr. Klein, one symptom to look for is a change in personality, such as becoming grouchy or aggressive, or if they have an increased need for attention. Also look for forgetful behavior, such as if your dog forgets what direction a door opens. “They may not respond to commands as they had in their younger years and they may exhibit changes in their housebreaking habits,” he adds.
These symptoms may be a normal part of the aging process, or they could represent a more serious condition, known as cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) Dr. Klein advises that the behaviors represented by the acronym DISHAA “may be a way for owners to try distinguishing normal aging changes and signs related to cognitive dysfunction syndrome.” These behaviors include:
- Disorientation
- Interactions (altered) with family members or other pets
- Sleep-wake cycle changes
- House soiling
- Activity level changes
- Anxiety
CDS is more common than you might think, and it can have a significant impact on your dog. “Any time an animal shows noticeable changes to his personality or behavior, he should be checked by the veterinarian to make certain that there is not an underlying health problem causing the change,” says Dr. Klein. If other health issues are ruled out, and CDS is suspected, selegiline is a medication approved for the treatment of CDS. Additionally, anti-anxiety medications or dog appeasing pheromone (DAP) products can also be helpful for easing the anxiety that often accompanies this condition.
Providing Physical and Mental Exercise
Whether your dog is showing signs of CDS, simply exhibiting regular age-related cognitive decline, or you want to hold off symptoms for as long as possible, there are some ways you can help. One method is to provide plenty of physical exercise. “All dogs, no matter their age, should have regular exercise. It helps with their physical and mental health,” explains Dr. Klein. Whether it’s a gentle walk or a game of fetch, exercise enriches your dog’s life experience, which is good for their brain. Of course, remember to only provide activities that are appropriate for your dog’s age, health, and cognitive function.
Another critical consideration is adding mental exercise to your dog’s routine. “Just like with people, mental stimulation can help slow cognitive decline in an animal. It’s best to provide your dog with mental stimulation in the form of walks, games, puzzles, and playtime,” Dr. Klein says. Some ways to provide enrichment include:
- Starting a new training program with your senior dog
- Rotating their toys
- Providing puzzle toys for them to play with
- Playing games, such as hide-and-seek
Nutrition for Senior Dogs
Nutrition is another essential component of managing the cognitive decline in your senior dog. For example, studies have shown that a combination of behavioral enrichment with a diet high in antioxidants can lead to improved cognition and memory in older dogs. However, Dr. Klein cautions, “Pet owners should always consult with their veterinarian to determine the best diet for their pet.” Consider asking your vet about treats and foods formulated for senior dogs to see if they’re right for your pet.
Putting It All Together
Combining all of these management strategies — diet, physical exercise, and behavioral enrichment — is likely to provide the best results. “Keeping a dog on a set schedule, and a routine can also help minimize problems and make a dog more comfortable and confident,” sats Dr. Klein.
Taking the time to feed your dog correctly and to interact with them in age-appropriate active and mentally challenging ways will benefit both of you. It will help keep their mind functioning at its best for as long as possible. Plus, it will provide both of you with fun and companionship throughout your dog’s senior years.
This article is intended solely as general guidance, and does not constitute health or other professional advice. Individual situations and applicable laws vary by jurisdiction, and you are encouraged to obtain appropriate advice from qualified professionals in the applicable jurisdictions. We make no representations or warranties concerning any course of action taken by any person following or otherwise using the information offered or provided in this article, including any such information associated with and provided in connection with third-party products, and we will not be liable for any direct, indirect, consequential, special, exemplary or other damages that may result, including but not limited to economic loss, injury, illness or death.